Commercial Aviation Safety Practice Test

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• An aim of Article 44 of the ICAO conventions is to promote what?
• What defines wind shear and what are its potential effects during takeoff and landing?
• What is the role of regulators like FAA/EASA/ICAO in commercial aviation safety?
• What does the Swiss Cheese Model illustrate in safety analysis?
• Which information is used for flight planning and routing decisions related to weather?
• Within the Department of Commerce, the Aeronautics Branch comprised nine district offices.
• ICAO set forth aims and objectives to develop the principles and techniques of what field?
• How are NTSB board members appointed?
• What is wildlife hazard management at airports and typical measures?
• The Federal Aviation Act of 1958 restated earlier aviation statutes and empowered the agency to promote ______.
• ICAO is a United Nations specialized agency that serves as what for international civil aviation?
• What is ICAO's vision?
• ICAO provides for international cooperation in accident investigations in two documents. Which are they?
• How is wind shear mitigated in operation?
• How do load factor and weight and balance relate to flight safety?
• According to the Chicago Convention, ICAO is made up of three governing bodies: ______.
• One major role of the FAA is to...
• Which organization is headquartered in Montreal, Canada as part of international aviation governance?
• Which group gained air mail operation rights due to the Air Mail Act of 1925?
• Under the Air Commerce Act, which department gained authority to regulate and develop aircraft, pilots, navigational aids, and weather services?
• NTSB __________ perform post-accident analysis of wreckage parts.
• What is a near-miss in aviation, and why is reporting near-misses valuable?
• According to Annex 13 principles, what is the ultimate objective of accident investigation?
• ICAO was established by the Chicago Conference in December 1944 and was known as the Provisional International Civil Aviation Organization.
• What are air traffic control (ATC) separation minima and how do they contribute to safety?
• Describe the concept of Safety Culture and why leadership commitment is critical.
• The FAA is organized into 15 headquarters offices, and how many field and regional offices?
• For highly technical SARPs, proposals are analyzed first by which body?
• In what year did Congress enact the Independent Safety Board Act that authorizes NTSB to investigate accidents involving public aircraft?
• Which action is NOT a standard component of evacuation readiness drills?
• Which regulatory activity is most directly related to certifying aircraft and operators?
• In ORM, what step follows hazard identification?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between incidents and near accidents?
• What are Vfe and Vmo/Mmo, and why are they critical for flight safety?
• Early in commercial aviation, there was no federal safety programs, which prompted a number of ______ to require aircraft to be licensed and registered.
• Modern air transport aircraft have two auto recording devices installed, which are which?
• The Air Mail Act of 1925 authorized the Post Office Department to transfer air mail service to which group?
• ARAC stands for what?
• Which act preceded the Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938 in the sequence of aviation regulation laws?
• USOAP audits are conducted by which entities?
• What is CRM in terms of non-technical skills and give two examples of essential CRM behaviors?
• How does compliance with standard operating procedures (SOPs) impact safety?
• Explain the concept of 'Just Culture' and its balance with accountability?
• Safety Promotion in SMS focuses on which activity?
• Which of the following describes the source of external technical expertise during investigations?
• Under the new ICAO SMS procedures, ____ is an effective means of accident prevention.
• What is the purpose of a Configuration Deviation List (CDL) in flight operations?
• Before certification, the FAA's objective is to determine that a prospective holder is what two attributes?
• Which set of characteristics best describes successful incident reporting systems?
• What is a key cybersecurity consideration for electronic flight bags (EFBs)?
• The FAA was established by which act?
• Name one of ICAO's strategic objectives?
• How are emergency equipment checks and evacuation readiness maintained?
• The Civil Aeronautics Authority (CAA) was responsible for which functions?
• In 1966, the federal aviation agency became the ______ when it was transferred to the Department of Transportation (DOT).
• What is aircraft icing, and what are the safety implications for flight crews?
• Which framework helps identify hazards in maintenance tasks and processes?
• Airworthiness directives vs airworthiness limitations differences?
• The Airline Safety and Pilot Training Improvement Act of 2010 mandates broad changes in ______.
• Which law governed air transportation in 1926?
• What triggers a go-around in safe practice?
• Operational factors experts in three disciplines, ______ support major investigations.
• Name one of the five main divisions of the ICAO Secretariat.
• The International Commission for Air Navigation (ICAN) was held in where and when?
• The international reporting system developed by ICAO is called which?
• The Office of Administrative Law Judges most often deals directly with the ______ in an NTSB investigation.
• During the post-World War II period, what was the standard aid for precision approaches?
• A stabilized approach is defined as what?
• How do wind gusts affect takeoff performance and what operational mitigations exist?
• The first regulations drafted under the Air Commerce Act required transport pilots to have how many hours solo?
• Under NTSB regs, immediate notification is required for which serious incident?
• Which of the following is an appropriate operational response to a volcanic ash advisory?
• When a major commercial aviation accident occurs, a go-team is dispatched led by a/an ____________.
• Which of the following is NOT one of the four elements of the ICAO SMS framework?
• ICAO standards and other provisions are primarily developed in the following categories: SARPs, PANS, and SUPPS.
• Weight and balance affect which aspects of flight safety?
• Which of the following is an industry voluntary safety reporting initiative?
• Where was the new ICAO headquarters chosen?
• Explain environmental hazards such as volcanic ash and how operators manage them.
• Which act is associated with establishing the FAA?
• The Universal Safety Oversight Audit Program (USOAP) consists of which characteristics?
• What are the key steps of Operational Risk Management (ORM) used in aviation?
• What is the exact name of the 2010 act that mandated broad changes in airline safety and pilot training?
• What is an airworthiness directive (AD) and how is it different from airworthiness limitations?
• What was the provisional name of ICAO?
• Distinguish between QNH and QFE altimeter settings and how mis-setting them can affect flight safety.
• Which statement best describes the role of 'Just Culture' in safety?
• Effective incident reporting systems can be categorized into which main types?
• One of the major functions that define the Air Transportation Oversight System (ATOS) is which?
• What are the five main divisions of the ICAO Secretariat?
• Under the Independent Safety Board Act of 1974, the NTSB investigates
• Which statement best describes ATC separation minima?
• FAA inspectors' workload has been affected greatly by airline deregulation.
• What does the acronym AQP stand for in the context of aviation safety programs?
• Which pair of methods is commonly used to assess risk in flight operations?
• Which statement best describes the impact of non-compliance with SOPs on safety?
• What city hosted the conference that led to ICAO's establishment?
• Which of the following is one of the primary international authorities empowered to investigate aircraft accidents?
• In what year was the Universal Safety Oversight Audit Program (USOAP) established?
• Which act renewed support for improvements to airports, ATC, and navigation systems?
• What is the difference between latent conditions and active failures?
• Which entity was responsible for safety programs and economic regulation?
• Which statement best describes how data-driven safety identifies actions?
• What is the purpose of a Runway Safety Action Plan (RSAP) and who develops it?
• How many primary international authorities are named as empowered to investigate aircraft accidents?
• Which role is not part of the three operational disciplines that support major investigations?
• The GAO reported that after formally initiating a rule, the FAA took an average of how many months to complete the rulemaking?
• How does data-driven safety improve aviation safety?
• What is the primary purpose of the Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS)?
• The seven ICAO regional offices are ______.
• The Aviation Rulemaking Advisory Committee (ARAC) primarily aims to do what?
• There are ____________ NTSB board members, each nominated by the US President and confirmed by the Senate
• Which organization is responsible for global aviation standards and safety oversight in cooperation with member states?
• What does ICAO stand for?
• Which city is listed as one of ICAO's regional offices?
• In 1958, the establishment of which agency occurred due to economic strains and jet arrivals?
• What is a go-around procedure and when should it be executed?
• How do MELs (Minimum Equipment Lists) and CDLs (Configuration Deviation Lists) contribute to safety in flight operations?
• Which statement accurately describes the FAA's responsibilities?
• Which act was enacted due to dissatisfaction with CAB policies and the belief that greater airline competition would improve service and lower fares?
• The ICAO ADREP system is a databank of worldwide accident/incident info for large commercial aircraft. Which of the following is true about its scope?
• In what year did the U.S. Air Mail Service begin?
• In what year did the Chicago Conference take place that established ICAO?
• What is a Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS) and why is it important for flight safety?
• Which outcome is the primary aim of an accident investigation?
• What constitutes a safety training lifecycle, and why is ongoing training essential to safety?
• Who initiates the rulemaking process for new or revised SARPs?
• A public hearing, if deemed necessary, involves NTSB investigators, other parties to the investigation, and ______.
• The first important conference to establish an international air law code was convened where and when?
• Which of the following is NOT one of ICAO's regional offices?
• In creating the NTSB, Congress envisioned that a _______ agency could develop a higher level of safety.
• ADREP is a system maintained by which organization?
• Under the FA Act, the FAA is responsible for promulgating and enforcing adequate standards and regulation.
• Which UN body does ICAO belong to as a specialized agency as described?
• The NTSB accident definition covers which time frame?
• Which office has the responsibility for investigating aviation accidents and incidents, and for probable causes?
• Which international organization governs aviation accident investigations, per the material?
• Which of the following is NOT an attribute of an effective safety reporting system per ICAO?
• Why is the move to electronic flight bags (EFB) a safety consideration for pilots?
• Which party is most likely to be directly interacted with by the Office of Administrative Law Judges in aviation accident investigations?
• What is the probable cause concept in accident investigation and how is it determined?
• Technically, NTSB investigations are never ______.
• Which activities are listed among the FAA's responsibilities?
• Which agency was established in 1958 due to jet arrivals and fatal accidents?
• For each carrier, a principal inspector is assigned to operation in which areas?
• What are safety performance indicators (KPIs) and give two examples?
• Which agency was created by the Reorganization Act of 1939?
• An air carrier is a commercial operator certified by the FAA under FAR ______ and/or Part ______.
• Accident investigation responsibilities of the CAB were moved to the ______.
• Who administers the Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) in the United States?
• Explain 'human factors training' and give an example of an effective exercise.
• As of December 14, 1995, The Commuter Rule required regional air carriers to comply with nearly all of the operational and safety requirements of FAR Part ______.
• Which practice best supports safe operations when wind shear is detected?
• The NASA aviation safety reporting system is an effort by NASA and which agency?
• What is an emergency descent, when is it used, and what considerations apply?
• The hazardous materials transportation act requires reporting of
• Annex 13 belongs to which international treaty?
• What is the primary purpose of weather radar in flight safety, and what cautions should pilots observe when using it?
• ICAO is the international organization governed by three governing bodies, including Assembly, Council, and Secretariat. Which organization is this describing?
• ASIAS was developed by which organization?
• The Go-Team is on ______.
• The NTS relies on teamwork (part system) to resolve accidents which enables the NTSB to bring in ______.
• The NTSB is a/an ___________ agency of the U.S. government.
• The ICAO Assembly meets every how many years and is composed of how many member states?
• Which trio constitutes the operational factors support for NTSB investigations?
• Under the Chicago Convention, implementation of SARPs lies with which entity?
• Under the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, which event requires reporting?
• ADREP collects data on accidents and incidents primarily for which category of aircraft?
• Which of the following is true about the two auto recording devices on modern aircraft as described in the material?
• The NTSB's three-year plan mission is to promote transportation safety by:
• An example of a voluntary incident reporting system is
• Lower landing minimums for Cat II/III operations require which of the following?
• The largest agency of the U.S. Department of Transportation is which agency?
• The ICAO ADREP system is a
• Amendments to SARPS and PANS recommended by the Commission are presented to the Council for adoption under which report?
• A key milestone in the accident report preparation process is the group chair's preparation of ______.
• Pilots were required to be tested and to have a minimum of how many hours?
• The NTSB reviews appeals when the Department of Transportation takes adverse actions involving?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the four components of a typical aviation Safety Management System (SMS)?
• ICAO's international reporting system is described as a detailed process called
• Which statement reflects the early approach to aviation safety regulation in the United States?
• Which organization reported that after initiating a rule, the FAA took an average of 30 months to complete rulemaking?
• The birth of ICAO accomplished important work in the technical field of what?
• Define human factors and provide an example of how it affects flight safety.
• In aviation safety, incidents are best characterized as:
• Which SMS component is primarily responsible for setting safety objectives and overall policy?
• What is the primary purpose of a Hazard Log in aviation safety?
• Pilots were restricted to flying how many hours per month and how many hours in any 12-month period?
• Which organization developed the ADREP database used in ICAO frameworks?
• According to the ICAO Safety Management Manual, one basic attribute of an effective safety reporting system is:
• The FAA developed which system to enable users to perform integrated searches across multiple databases?
• After a rule is cleared to proceed, what may be prepared and published to obtain additional information?
• Which of the following best describes ICAO's contribution to international aviation?
• Why is pilot monitoring and supervision essential in an increasingly automated cockpit?
• Crew Resource Management emphasizes which three skills?
• Technically, NTSB investigations are never ______.
• In response to weather hazards, pilots use which tool to support decision making?
• Explain the role of the Safety Management System in maintenance operations and what is meant by Maintenance Error Management?
• What is a runway incursion and what procedures minimize its risk?
• Describe TCAS operation modes and the difference between TA and RA.
• Which area is not a focus of a principal inspector's assignment for a carrier?
• What is a safety case in aviation, and when is it typically required?
• What is an effective example of human factors training in flight operations?
• What phases are included in the safety training lifecycle?
• The NTSB's origins can be found in the ________.
• In aviation safety terms, incidents are events that can be defined loosely as which?
• Where is the international process for aircraft accident investigation set forth?
• Growth of commercial aviation was greatly stimulated by the establishment of which service in 1920?
• Which tool provides pilots with information about significant weather phenomena that may affect safety?
• What is the purpose of ICAO/FAA instrument approach categories (Cat I, II, III) and why do they affect operations?
• What is the primary objective of weather avoidance in icing safety?
• Safety Assurance in SMS is designed to do what?
• The formal rulemaking procedure is in what format in 14 CFR Part II?
• In what year was the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) created?
• The headquarters offices include which two offices?
• Which office is listed among the FAA headquarters offices?
• Which of the following is a primary international authority empowered to investigate aircraft accidents?
• What is TCAS, and how does it contribute to collision avoidance?
• Which department was empowered to regulate and develop aviation elements such as aircraft, pilots, navigational aids, and weather services?
• The Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938 marked the beginning of what regulatory domain?
• What is human performance and how is it addressed in aviation safety programs?
• Which statement best defines an accident according to the NTSB?
• In 1934, the Air Commerce Act was amended to give the Secretary of Commerce power to do what?